A new scientific review has raised serious concerns about Dichlorvos (DDVP), a common insecticide still used in many developing countries, linking it to hormonal disruption, infertility, and genetic damage in both males and females. The findings published in Trends in Pharmacology and Toxicology, highlight urgent public-health risks in regions where the pesticide remains widely accessible.
DDVP, sold under various trade names and commonly known as “Sniper” in Nigeria, is widely used in homes, farms, animal facilities, and food storage areas. While it is already classified as a highly hazardous pesticide by global health agencies, the new research reveals deeper and more alarming impacts on human reproductive biology.
Hormonal Imbalance and Reduced Fertility
Researchers report that DDVP acts as a potent endocrine-disrupting chemical, interfering with the body’s hormonal signaling pathways. In experimental models, DDVP significantly altered levels of key reproductive hormones, including testosterone, estrogen, LH, and FSH, leading to:
- Impaired sperm formation
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Ovarian malfunction
- Disrupted puberty and sexual development
- Long-term fertility decline
In one study cited, male rats exposed to DDVP showed a rapid drop in testosterone, nearly 90% lower than normal levels.
Damage to Eggs, Sperm, and DNA
The review also confirms that DDVP induces gametotoxicity, damaging both egg and sperm cells through oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation. Scientists warn that such effects could increase risks of:
- Infertility
- Pregnancy loss
- Developmental abnormalities in offspring
Some early-life exposures were linked to malformations, impaired brain development, and delayed growth in animal studies.
Still Used in Low-Resource Countries
Although banned or restricted in the U.S. and European Union, DDVP is still commonly sold in many parts of Africa and Asia. Weak regulatory control and low public awareness allow indiscriminate use, including indoor spraying and food-storage fumigation, leading to chronic exposure.
Call for Urgent Regulation
The authors urge policymakers to strengthen pesticide laws, promote safer alternatives, and expand public education on DDVP hazards. They emphasize that protecting pregnant women, children, and agricultural workers must be a priority.
“Understanding and mitigating the impact of DDVP is essential,” the study concludes, warning that long-term or transgenerational reproductive harm is possible if current use continues unchecked.